Lorsqu’on parle de ruines antiques, on pense forcément à l’Italie, la Grèce, voire la France ou l’Espagne. Mais beaucoup plus rarement à la Turquie. Pourtant, ce pays, principalement sur le littoral, fut un haut-lieu du début de notre civilisation, avec des noms qui renvoie vers des guerres mythiques, comme Troie ou Ephèse.
Cette dernière cité, justement, est une des plus merveilleusement conservée, avec son avenue principale bordée par l’Odéon, les vespasiennes (!), les villas des hauts dignitaires, le colossal amphithéâtre. Mais aussi et surtout le temple d’Artémis, qui était considéré à l’époque antique comme la 4e des sept merveilles du monde. Un temple dont il reste principalement la façade, richement décorée et subtilement sculptée.
Mais un détail surprend lorsqu’on visite cette ville antique : il s’agissait, il y a deux millénaires, d’un port. Or, on a beau chercher, pas la moindre vague à l’horizon. La mer est loin, à 7 kilomètres… Pline l’Ancien avait écrit que « la mer avait l’habitude de monter jusqu’au temple de Diane« . En 2000 ans, elle aura largement reculé, tout le littoral s’étant ensablé, sous l’effet d’une diminution (relative) de la hauteur de la mer, mais surtout de l’embouchure du fleuve traversant cette région encaissée entre trois collines. Les civilisations anciennes n’auront pas connu le changement climatique actuel, mais elles auront subi les premiers effets de leur tentative de dominer la terre…
Cuando hablamos de ruinas antiguas, inevitablemente pensamos en Italia, Grecia, incluso Francia o España. Pero bastante raro que pensemos en Turquía. Sin embargo, este país, principalmente costero, fue un lugar fundamental en los inicios de nuestra civilización, con nombres que hacen referencia a guerras míticas, como Troya o Éfeso.
Esta última ciudad, de hecho, es una de las mejor conservadas, con su avenida principal bordeada por el Odeón, las vespasianas (!), las villas de los altos dignatarios y el colosal anfiteatro. Pero también y sobre todo el templo de Artemisa, considerado en la antigüedad como la cuarta de las siete maravillas del mundo. Un templo del que se conserva principalmente la fachada, ricamente decorada y sutilmente esculpida.
Pero un detalle sorprende cuando visitas esta antigua ciudad: hace dos milenios, era un puerto. Sin embargo, por mucho que miremos, no hay la más mínima ola en el horizonte. El mar está lejos, a 7 kilómetros… Plinio el Viejo escribió que « el mar subía hasta el templo de Diana« . En 2000 años, habrá retrocedido significativamente, toda la costa se habrá llenado de sedimentos, bajo el efecto de una reducción (relativa) de la altura del mar, pero especialmente de la desembocadura del río que cruza esta región encerrada entre tres colinas. Las civilizaciones antiguas no habrán experimentado el cambio climático actual, pero sí habrán sufrido los primeros efectos de su intento de dominar la tierra…
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